Consumers’ Organic Food Purchase Behavior in Bangladesh : An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Approach

Authors

  •   Shamima Easmin Shanta Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology, Natore - 6431
  •   Md. Julhaz Hossain Assistant Professor (Corresponding Author), Institute of Business Administration, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi - 6205
  •   Rumana Biswas Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna - 9202
  •   Md. Abdul Alim Associate Professor, Department of Marketing, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi - 6205
  •   Mst. Anjuman Ara Associate Professor, Department of Marketing, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi - 6205

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2025/v55/i1/174688

Keywords:

organic food

, consumer purchase behavior, theory of planned behavior, Bangladesh.

Paper Submission Date

, October 15, 2023, Paper sent back for Revision, April 26, 2024, Paper Acceptance Date, August 20, Paper Published Online, January 15, 2025

Abstract

Purpose : The current study examined consumers’ intention and actual purchase behavior to buy organic foods. An extended theory of planned behavior was utilized to minimize the deficiency in this area of literature.

Design/Methodology/Approach : A quantitative online survey was conducted using the purposive sampling technique, and a total of 442 organic food consumers were recruited from Bangladesh. The collected data were estimated employing partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesized relations.

Findings : The findings depicted that product availability, attitude, health consciousness, and consumer trust greatly influenced consumers’ organic food purchase intention and, in turn, their actual purchase behavior. The estimations further confirmed that consumer trust played a significant role in mediating the relationships between product information and consumers’ organic food purchase intention.

Practical Implications : This study offered valuable insights for decision-makers, organic food marketers, academics, and practitioners, focusing on organic food availability, grasping consumer attitudes, catering to health-conscious consumers’ needs, and boosting their trust.

Originality : Unlike earlier investigations, this study extends the theory of planned behavior approach by crafting a contributory framework to examine consumers’ actual purchase behavior toward organic foods.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Published

2025-01-01

How to Cite

Shanta, S. E., Julhaz Hossain, M., Biswas, R., Abdul Alim, M., & Anjuman Ara, M. (2025). Consumers’ Organic Food Purchase Behavior in Bangladesh : An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Approach. Indian Journal of Marketing, 55(1), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2025/v55/i1/174688

Issue

Section

Articles

References

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Alim, M. A., Emon, M. A., & Biswas, R. (2018). SMEs' wasted opportunity to enhance economic development of Bangladesh. Journal of the Institute of Bangladesh Studies, 41, 1–18.

Ashraf, M. A., Joarder, M. H., & Ratan, S. R. (2019). Consumers' anti-consumption behavior toward organic food purchase: An analysis using SEM. British Food Journal, 121(1), 104–122. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2018-0072

Asif, M., Xuhui, W., Nasiri, A., & Ayyub, S. (2018). Determinant factors influencing organic food purchase intention and the moderating role of awareness: A comparative analysis. Food Quality and Preference, 63, 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.08.006

Boobalan, K., & Nachimuthu, G. S. (2020). Organic consumerism: A comparison between India and the USA. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, Article ID 101988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101988

Chauke, D. X., & Duh, H. I. (2019). Marketing and socio-psychological factors influencing organic food purchase and post-purchase outcomes. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 25(9), 896–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2019.1697980

Chin, W. W. (2009). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 655–690). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29

Chowdhury, S., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A., Islam, K. A., Zayed, N. M., & Hasan, K. B. (2021). An empirical study on the factors affecting organic food purchasing behaviour in Bangladesh: Analyzing a few factors. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 1–12.

Devi, K., Singh, G., Roy, S. K., & Cúg, J. (2023). Determinants of organic food purchase intention: The moderating role of health consciousness. British Food Journal, 125(11), 4092–4122. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-03-2023-0220

Doll, W. J., & Torkzadeh, G. (1988). The measurement of end-user computing satisfaction. MIS Quarterly, 12(2), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.2307/248851

Fishbein, M., Jaccard, J., Davidson, A. R., Ajzen, I., & Loken, B. (1980). Predicting and understanding family planning behaviors. In I. Ajzen, & M. Fishbein (eds.) Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Prentice Hall. https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/predicting-and-understanding-family-planning-behaviors

Fleșeriu, C., Cosma, S. A., & Bocăneț, V. (2020). Values and planned behaviour of the Romanian organic food consumer. Sustainability, 12(5), 1722. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051722

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Thiele, K. O. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall: A comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x

Haro, A. (2016). Understanding TPB model, availability, and information on consumer purchase intention for halal food. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 5(8), 47–56.

Hasan, M. M., Uddin, M. A., Alim, M. A., Azad, M. R., & Ali, M. B. (2020). The effects of corporate image, service quality, consumer satisfaction, and perceived value on consumer loyalty: A field experience. International Review of Business Research Papers, 16(1), 160–176. https://zantworldpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/9.-Md.-Mehedi-Hasan.pdf

Hasim, M. A., Shahrin, M., & Wahid, R. A. (2020). Influences of media richness on Instagram towards consumer purchase intention: The mediating effect of brand equity. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(11), 357–367. https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol10iss11/101126_Hasim_2020_E_R.pdf

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Hota, J., Tripathy, A., & Deb, M. (2023). Challenges of the fast food industry in India: An integrated ISM-MICMAC approach. Indian Journal of Marketing, 53(9), 62–78. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2023/v53/i9/173142

Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural equation modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental issues. In R. H. Hoyle (ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 1–15). Sage Publications, Inc.

Hsu, C.-L., & Chen, M.-C. (2014). Explaining consumer attitudes and purchase intentions toward organic food: Contributions from regulatory fit and consumer characteristics. Food Quality and Preference, 35, 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.01.005

Iqbal, M. (2015). Consumer behaviour of organic food: A developing country perspective. International Journal of Marketing and Business Communication, 4(4), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.21863/ijmbc/2015.4.4.024

Janssen, M., & Hamm, U. (2012). Product labelling in the market for organic food: Consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay for different organic certification logos. Food Quality and Preference, 25(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.12.004

Jose, H., & Koshy, M. P. (2018). Factors influencing young consumers of organic food products to lead a healthy lifestyle. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(10), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i10/132323

Juhl, H. J., Fenger, M. H., & Thøgersen, J. (2017). Will the consistent organic food consumer step forward? An empirical analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(3), 519–535. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx052

Kamboj, S., Matharu, M., & Gupta, M. (2023). Examining consumer purchase intention towards organic food: An empirical study. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 9, Article ID 100121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2023.100121

Karmoker, M., Mia, M. U., Biswas, R., Hossain, M. J., Ara, M. A., & Alim, M. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of university graduates of Bangladesh: Looking for new economic opportunities. Advances in Economics and Business, 8(6), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080601

Khan, Y., Hameed, I., & Akram, U. (2023). What drives attitude, purchase intention and consumer buying behavior toward organic food? A self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior perspective. British Food Journal, 125(7), 2572–2587. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2022-0564

Lee, T. H., Fu, C.-J., & Chen, Y. Y. (2020). Trust factors for organic foods: Consumer buying behavior. British Food Journal, 122(2), 414–431. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-03-2019-0195

Linge, A., Singh, M., Kakde, B., & Punjani, K. K. (2022). Application of the theory of planned behaviour to predict college students online purchase intention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Journal of Marketing, 52(12), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2022/v52/i12/172561

Liu, R., Pieniak, Z., & Verbeke, W. (2014). Food-related hazards in China: Consumers' perceptions of risk and trust in information sources. Food Control, 46, 291–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.033

Müller, C. E., & Gaus, H. (2015). Consumer response to negative media information about certified organic food products. Journal of Consumer Policy, 38(4), 387–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-015-9299-z

Murshed, R., & Uddin, M. R. (2020). Organic farming in Bangladesh: To pursue or not to pursue? An exploratory study based on consumer perception. Organic Farming, 6(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.12924/of2020.06010001

Mutiara, V. I., & Arai, S. (2017). The challenges in organic agricultural products market in Southeast Asia. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 5, 36–44. https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.5.36

Netemeyer, R. G., Krishnan, B., Pullig, C., Wang, G., Yagci, M., Dean, D., Ricks, J., & Wirth, F. (2004). Developing and validating measures of facets of customer-based brand equity. Journal of Business Research, 57(2), 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00303-4

O'Fallon, M. J., Gursoy, D., & Swanger, N. (2007). To buy or not to buy: Impact of labeling on purchasing intentions of genetically modified foods. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2005.10.003

Panda, R., Swar, B. N., & Mukerjee, K. (2014). Factors affecting brand trust: An exploratory investigation among Indian retail consumers. Indian Journal of Marketing, 44(7), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2014/v44/i7/80362

Park, W.-Y., & Kim, H.-K. (2021). The effects of service quality determinants on intention to purchase: Focused on internet insurance. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(10), 996–1004. https://turcomat.org/index.php/turkbilmat/article/view/4284

Peña-García, N., Gil-Saura, I., Rodríguez-Orejuela, A., & Siqueira-Junior, J. R. (2020). Purchase intention and purchase behavior online: A cross-cultural approach. Heliyon, 6(6), Article ID e04284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04284

Pino, G., Peluso, A. M., & Guido, G. (2012). Determinants of regular and occasional consumers' intentions to buy organic food. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46(1), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2012.01223.x

Premi, H., Sharma, M., & Dangayach, G. S. (2021). Green marketing: A systematic literature review. Indian Journal of Marketing, 51(8), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2021/v51/i8/165761

Rahman, K. M., & Noor, N. A. (2016). In search of a model explaining organic food purchase behavior: The overlooked story of Montano and Kasprzyk's integrated behavior model. British Food Journal, 118(12), 2911–2930. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2016-0060

Rahman, M. S., Ara, M. A., Alim, M. A., Jee, T. W., & Lim, R. T. (2020). Consumers' actual purchase behaviour towards green products in Bangladesh. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 25, 92–120.

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH. http://www.smartpls.com

Saleem, M. A., Wasaya, A., & Zahra, S. (2017). Determinants of frozen food purchase intentions: Insights from a developing country. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(7), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i7/116476

Sesini, G., Castellini, G., Iannello, P., Lombi, L., Lozza, E., Lucini, L., & Graffigna, G. (2023). Determinants of the willingness to buy products certified by omics technology: differences between regular and occasional consumers of organic food. Food Research International, 164, Article ID 112324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112324

Sharief, Z., & Panghal, A. (2023). Sustainable consumption: Consumer behavior when purchasing sustainability-labeled food products. Indian Journal of Marketing, 53(8), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2023/v53/i8/172975

Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using PLSpredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322–2347. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0189

Singh, A., & Verma, P. (2017). Factors influencing Indian consumers' actual buying behaviour towards organic food products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 167, 473–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.106

Sivathanu, B. (2017). Food marketing and its impact on adolescents' food choices. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(8), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i8/117432

Teng, C.-C., & Wang, Y.-M. (2015). Decisional factors driving organic food consumption: Generation of consumer purchase intentions. British Food Journal, 117(3), 1066–1081. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-12-2013-0361

Teng, C.-C., & Lu, C.-H. (2016). Organic food consumption in Taiwan: Motives, involvement, and purchase intention under the moderating role of uncertainty. Appetite, 105, 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.006

Wang, Y., Wiegerinck, V., Krikke, H., & Zhang, H. (2013). Understanding the purchase intention towards remanufactured product in closed-loop supply chains: An empirical study in China. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 43(10), 866–888. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-01-2013-0011

Watanabe, E. A., Alfinito, S., Curvelo, I. C., & Hamza, K. M. (2020). Perceived value, trust and purchase intention of organic food: A study with Brazilian consumers. British Food Journal, 122(4), 1070–1184. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-05-2019-0363

Wee, C. S., Ariff, M. S., Zakuan, N., Tajudin, M. N., Ismail, K., & Ishak, N. (2014). Consumers perception, purchase intention and actual purchase behavior of organic food products. Review of Integrative Business & Economics Research, 3(2), 378–397. https://vwww.sibresearch.org/uploads/3/4/0/9/34097180/riber_b14-173_378-397.pdf

Yadav, P., Agarwal, B., & Mathew, J. (2023). Green marketing strategy adoption by Indian political party brands with special emphasis on marketing mix. Indian Journal of Marketing, 53(5), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2023/v53/i5/172727

Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2016). Intention to purchase organic food among young consumers: Evidence from a developing nation. Appetite, 96, 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.017

Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2017). Determinants of consumers' green purchase behavior in a developing nation: Applying and extending the theory of planned behavior. Ecological Economics, 134, 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.12.019