Influence of Materialism on Impulse Buying Among Indian Millennials: Does Income Matter?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2019/v49/i12/149110Keywords:
Family-Income
, Impulse Buying, Materialism, Millennials.Paper Submission Date
, September 6, 2019, Paper Sent Back for Revision, November 16, Paper Acceptance Date, November 21, 2019.Abstract
The research paper attempted to examine the influence of materialism on impulse buying among the Indian millennials and the role of family income in moderating this relationship. This research was undertaken during January-May 2019. A structured online questionnaire was used to collect data from the millennial age group. Consequently, 404 complete responses were analyzed using AMOS 22 and SPSS 20. The research findings posited that Indian millennials were materialistic and displayed impulse buying under the influence of materialism. The three dimensions of materialism studied here included success, centrality, and happiness. Among the three dimensions of materialism, centrality showed the strongest influence on impulse buying (β = 0.267, p < 0.1). Family income had no significant relationship with impulse buying; hence, had no moderating effect on the materialism-impulse buying relationship. It was also observed that age progression retarded the probability of engaging in impulse buying. These research findings would equip retailers to better understand the millennial segment as they contribute significantly to the texture of the Indian population and the market space.Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Agarwal, S., & Raychaudhuri, P. S. (2019). Consumer perception of B2C websites: An empirical study of Delhi-NCR. Indian Journal of Marketing, 49(6), 35-47. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2019/v49/i6/144698
Ahuvia, A. C., & Wong, N. Y. (2002). Personality and values based materialism: Their relationship and origins. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(4), 389-402. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1057-7408(16)30089-4
Alex, J., & Raveendran, P. T. (2011). Does credit card usage enhance defaults among compulsive buyers ? Indian Journal of Marketing, 41(6), 3-12.
Amos, C., Holmes, G. R., & Keneson, W. C. (2014). A meta-analysis of consumer impulse buying. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(2), 86-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.11.004
Arndt, J., Solomon, S., Kasser, T., & Sheldon, K. M. (2004). The urge to splurge: A terror management account of materialism and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(3), 198-212. https://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1403_2
Atulkar, S., & Kesari, B. (2018). Impulse buying: A consumer trait prospective in context of central India. Global Business Review, 19(2), 477-493. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713546
Banerjee, S. (2008). Dimensions of Indian culture, core cultural values and marketing implications: An analysis. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 15(4), 367-378. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600810914157
Banerjee, R., & Dittmar, H. (2008). Individual differences in children's materialism: The role of peer relations.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(1), 17-31. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167207309196
Belk, R. W. (1984). Three scales to measure constructs related to materialism: Reliability, validity, and relationships to measures of happiness. In, T. C. Kinnear (ed.), NA - Advances in consumer research (pp. 291-297). Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
Belk, R. W. (1985). Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 265-280. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/208515
Bhattacharya, R. (2013). Development of materialism in India : The Pre-CÄrvÄkas and the CÄrvÄkas. Esercizi Filosofici, 8(1), 1-12.
Chancellor, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2011). Happiness and thrift : When (spending) less is (hedonically) more. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(2), 131-138. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.02.004
Chen, C. - C., & Yao, J. - Y. (2018). What drives impulse buying behaviours in a mobile auction ? The perspective of the stimulus-organism-response model. Telematics and Informatics, 35(5), 1249-1262. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.02.007
Cleveland, M., Laroche, M., & Papadopoulos, N. (2009). Cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism, and materialism: An eight-country study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of International Marketing, 17(1), 116-146. https://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.17.1.116
Clover, V. T. (1950). Relative importance of impulse-buying in retail stores. Journal of Marketing, 15(1), 66-70.
Etezadi-Amoli, J., & Farhoomand, A. F. (1996). A structural model of end user computing satisfaction and user performance. Information & Management, 30(2), 65-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(95)00052-6
Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.) Sage.
Gallagher, D., Ting, L., & Palmer, A. (2008). A journey into the unknown; taking the fear out of structural equation modelling with AMOS for the first-time user. The Marketing Review, 8(3), 255-275. https://dx.doi.org/10.1362/146934708X337672
Ger, G., & Belk, R. W. (1996). Cross-cultural differences in materialism. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17(1), 55-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(95)00035-6
Gu, F. F., & Hung, K. (2009). Materialism among adolescents in China: A historical generation perspective. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 3(2), 56-64. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/15587890980000411
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.) Pearson Prentice Hall.
Handa, M., & Khare, A. (2013). Gender as a moderator of the relationship between materialism and fashion clothing involvement among Indian youth. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(1), 112-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01057.x
Hausman, A. (2000). A multi-method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(5), 403-426. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760010341045
Herabadi, A. G., Verplanken, B., & Van Knippenberg, A. (2009). Consumption experience of impulse buying in Indonesia: Emotional arousal and hedonistic considerations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 12(1), 20-31. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2008.01266.x
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture and organizations. International Studies of Management & Organization, 10(4), 15-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1980.11656300
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modelling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Internet users to double to 829 million by 2021 in India. (2017, June, 9) Live Mint. Retrieved from https://www.livemint.com/Politics/JVpolcuJeBBoZyR4nAbd2I/Internet-users-to-double-to-829-millionby-2021-in-India-Re.html
Jain, K., Gautam, S., & Pasricha, D. (2018). The pleasure and the guilt-impulse purchase and post purchase regret: A study of young Indian consumers. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(3), 49-63. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i3/121984
Jones, M. A., Reynolds, K. E., Weun, S., & Beatty, S. E. (2003). The product-specific nature of impulse buying tendency. Journal of Business Research, 56(7), 505-511. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00250-8
Kacen, J. J., & Lee, J. A. (2002). The influence of culture on consumer impulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(2), 163-176. https;//dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1202_08
Kalla, S. M., & Arora, A. P. (2011). Impulse buying: A literature review. Global Business Review, 12(1), 145-157. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097215091001200109
Kaplowitz, M. D., Hadlock, T. D., & Levine, R. (2004). A comparison of web and mail survey response rates. Public Opinion Quarterly, 68(1), 94-101. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfh006
Khan, N., Hui, L. H., Chen, T. B., & Hoe, H. Y. (2016). Impulse buying behaviour of generation Y in fashion retail.
International Journal of Business and Management, 11(1), 144-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n1p144
Khera, S. N., & Malik, S. (2017). Conceptualizing and measuring life priorities of generation Y: Evidences from Indian context. Industrial and Commercial Training, 49(2), 80-86. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ICT-042016-0024
Kilbourne, W., & Pickett, G. (2008). How materialism affects environmental beliefs, concern, and environmentally responsible behaviour. Journal of Business Research, 61(9), 885-893. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.09.016
Lee, J. A., & Kacen, J. J. (2008). Cultural influences on consumer satisfaction with impulse and planned purchase decisions. Journal of Business Research, 61(3), 265-272. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.06.006
Lu, L. Y., & Shu, K. (2006). Emergence and composition of the traditional-modern bicultural self of people in contemporary Taiwanese societies. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 9(3), 167-175. https;//dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2006.00195.x
Mai, N. T. T., Jung, K., Lantz, G., & Loeb, S. G. (2003). An exploratory investigation into impulse buying behavior in a transitional economy: A study of urban consumers in Vietnam. Journal of International Marketing, 11(2), 13-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.11.2.13.20162
McGowan, K. M., & Sternquist, B. J. (1998). Dimensions of price as a marketing universal: A comparison of Japanese and U.S. consumers. Journal of International Marketing, 6(4), 49-65. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031X9800600408
Mishra, J. K., Tatzel, M., Arun, B. K., & Abidi, N. (2014). Money attitudes as predictors of materialism and compulsive buying, and gender demographics, in the 'new India'. International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 9(3), 301-315. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJICBM.2014.064695
Mittal, S., Chawla, D., & Sondhi, N. (2016). Segmentation of impulse buyers in an emerging market - An exploratory study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 33, 53-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.07.019
Moore, K. A., & Berger, P. D. (2015). Materialism and consumer behavior: Differences in types of materialism among different cultures. Indian Journal of Marketing, 45(1), 9-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2015/v45/i1/79995
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ : McGraw-Hill.
Ogden, H., & Cheng, S. (2011). Cultural dimensions and materialism: Comparing Canada and China. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(4), 431-447. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13555851111165011
Padival, A., Michael, L. K., & Hebbar, S. (2019). Consumer perception towards social media advertisements: A study done in a semi-urban city of South India. Indian Journal of Marketing, 49(2), 38-51. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2019/v49/i2/141582
Pettys, G. L., & Balgopal, P. R. (1998). Multigenerational conflicts and new immigrants: An Indo-American experience. Families in Society : The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 79(4), 410-423. https://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.703
Piron, F. (1991). Defining impulse purchasing. In, R. H. Holman & M. R. Solomon (eds.), NA - Advances in Consumer Research (pp. 509-514). Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research.
Podoshen, J. S., & Andrzejewski, S. A. (2012). An examination of the relationships between materialism, conspicuous consumption, impulse buying, and brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(3), 319-334. https://dx.doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679200306
Podoshen, J. S., Li, L., & Zhang, J. (2011). Materialism and conspicuous consumption in China: A cross-cultural examination. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 35(1), 17-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00930.x
Pradhan, D., Israel, D., & Jena, A. K. (2018). Materialism and compulsive buying behaviour : The role of consumer credit card use and impulse buying. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 30(5), 1239-1258. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/APJML-08-2017-016
Richins, M. L. (2004). The material values scale : Measurement properties and development of a short form. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), 209-219. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/383436
Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement : Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303-316.
Rook, D. W. (1987). The buying impulse. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(2), 189-199. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209105
Rook, D. W., & Fisher, R. J. (1995). Normative influences on impulsive buying behaviour. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(3), 305-313. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209452
Saad, M., & Metawie, M. (2015). Store environment, personality factors and impulse buying behavior in Egypt : The mediating roles of shop enjoyment and impulse buying tendencies. Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3(2), 69-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.12691/jbms-3-2-3
Santini, F. D. O., Ladeira, W. J., Vieira, V. A., Araujo, C. F., & Sampaio, C. H. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of impulse buying: A meta-analytic study. RAUSP Management Journal, 54(2), 178-204. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-07-2018-0037
Saptono, L., Soetjipto, B. E., Wahjoedi, & Wahyono, H. (2019). The influence of financial quantitative literacy and subjective numeracy on impulsive consumption with materialism as the mediator variable. Indian Journal of Marketing, 49(10), 23-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2019/v49/i10/147563
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
Sohn, H. K., & Lee, T. J. (2017). Tourists' impulse buying behavior at duty-free shops : The moderating effects of time pressure and shopping involvement. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(3), 341-356. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1170650
Tatzel, M. (2002). “Money worlds†and well-being : An integration of money dispositions, materialism and price-related behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology, 23(1), 103-126. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S01674870(01)00069-1
Tifferet, S., & Herstein, R. (2012). Gender differences in brand commitment, impulse buying, and hedonic consumption. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 21(3), 176-182. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610421211228793
Tinne, W. S. (2011). Factors affecting impulse buying behaviour of consumers at superstores in Bangladesh. ASA University Review, 5(1), 209-220.
Trigg, A. B. (2001). Veblen, Bourdieu, and conspicuous consumption. Journal of Economic Issues, 35(1), 99-115. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2001.11506342
Verma, S., Kumar, R., & Yadav, S. K. (2018). Why consumers buy counterfeit products ? A case study of the Indian clothing industry. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(7), 51-62. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i7/129738
Verplanken, B., Herabadi, A. G., Perry, J. A., & Silvera, D. H. (2005). Consumer style and health : The role of impulsive buying in unhealthy eating. Psychology & Health, 20(4), 429-441. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870440412331337084
Verplanken, B., & Sato, A. (2011). The psychology of impulse buying: An integrative self-regulation approach. Journal of Consumer Policy, 34(2), 197-210. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-011-9158-5
Vohs, K. D., & Faber, R. J. (2007). Spent resources: Self-regulatory resource availability affects impulse buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(4), 537-547. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/510228
Watson, J. J. (2003). The relationship of materialism to spending tendencies, saving, and debt. Journal of Economic Psychology, 24(6), 723-739. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2003.06.001
Webster, C., & Beatty, R. C. (1997). Nationality, materialism, and possession importance. In, M. Brucks & D. J. MacInnis (eds.), NA - Advances in consumer research (Vol. 24), pp. 204-210.
Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological Methodology, 8, 84-136. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/270754
Wong, N. Y., & Ahuvia, A. C. (1998). Personal taste and family face : Luxury consumption in Confucian and western societies. Psychology & Marketing, 15(5), 423-441. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199808)15:5<423::AID-MAR2>3.0.CO;2-9
Xiao, S. H., & Nicholson, M. (2011). Mapping impulse buying: A behaviour analysis framework for services marketing and consumer research. The Service Industries Journal, 31(15), 2515-2528. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2011.531123
Yu, C., & Bastin, M. (2010). Hedonic shopping value and impulse buying behavior in transitional economies: A symbiosis in the Mainland China marketplace. Journal of Brand Management, 18(2), 105-114.