Navigating the Legal Landscape: Evaluating the Case for Artificial Intelligence as Juristic Persons

Authors

  •   Nandu Sam Jose Research Scholar, School of Legal Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, 28VH+G57, University Road, South Kalamassery, Kalamassery, Ernakulam, Kerala - 682 022

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17010/ijcs/2023/v8/i3/172866

Keywords:

AI Regulation

, Artificial Intelligence, Juristic Personality, Legal Personhood, Moral Agency.

Paper Submission Date

, April 20, 2023, Paper sent back for Revision, May 6, Paper Acceptance Date, May 10, Paper Published Online, June 5, 2023

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has sparked an ongoing debate regarding the inclusion or exclusion of AI systems within the notion of juristic personality. This article explores the concept of juristic personality, its application to AI systems, and the potential implications and challenges of recognizing AI as a juristic person. It discusses the arguments for and against granting juristic personality to AI systems, touching upon issues such as functional capabilities, accountability, and moral agency. Additionally, the article examines proposed models of AI juristic personality, as well as alternative approaches to AI regulation that do not involve granting juristic personality. The analysis highlights the complexity of the debate, emphasizing the need for a careful assessment of the potential impacts on society, the economy, and the legal system. By engaging in a comprehensive and nuanced dialogue, stakeholders can develop appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks to address the challenges posed by AI while upholding the fundamental values of justice, fairness, and human dignity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

2023-07-06

How to Cite

Jose, N. S. (2023). Navigating the Legal Landscape: Evaluating the Case for Artificial Intelligence as Juristic Persons. Indian Journal of Computer Science, 8(3), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijcs/2023/v8/i3/172866

Issue

Section

Articles

References

M. S. Ball, “Afterthoughts,†Ga. Law Rev., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 473–488, 1993. [Online]. Available: https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/fac_artchop/138/

P. W. Duff, Personality in Roman Private Law. William S Hein & Company, 1971. Cambridge at the University Press. [Online]. Available: https://archive.org/details/personalityinrom0000pwdu. Accessed: Apr. 15, 2023.

C. D. Samaradiwakera-Wijesundara, “The fiction of the juristic person: Reassessing personhood in relation to people,†in Decolonising the Human: Reflections from Africa on Difference and Oppression, Melissa Steyn and William Mpofu, Eds., Wits University Press, 2021, pp. 186–208.

G. F. Deiser, “Juristic Person II,†Univ. Pa. Law Rev. Am. Law Regist., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 216–235, 1909. [Online]. Available: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review/vol57/iss4/2/

M. Wolff, “On the nature of legal persons,†Law Q. Rev., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 494–521, 1938. [Online]. Available: https://philarchive.org/archive/GINLPA-2

K. C. Morris, C. Schlenoff, and V. Srinivasan, “Guest editorial a remarkable resurgence of Artificial Intelligence and its impact on automation and autonomy,†IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 407–409, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TASE.2016.2640778.

A. Bundy, “Preparing for the future of Artificial Intelligence,†AI Soc., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 285–287, May 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00146-016-0685-0.

W. Totschnig, “Fully Autonomous AI,†Sci. Eng. Ethics, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 2473–2485, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11948-020-00243-z.

“Artificial intelligence: AI vs. Machine Learning vs. Deep Learning.†Sonix.ai. https://sonix.ai/articles/difference-between-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and-natural-language-processing (Accessed Apr. 18, 2023).

K.-H. Yu, A. L. Beam, and I. S. Kohane, “Artificial Intelligence in healthcare,†Nat. Biomed. Eng., vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 719–731, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1038/s41551-018-0305-z.

L. Cao, “AI in Finance: A review,†2020, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3647625.

R. Abduljabbar, H. Dia, S. Liyanage, and S. A. Bagloee, “Applications of Artificial Intelligence in transport: An overview,†Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 189, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.3390/su11010189.

G. Zeba, M. Dabić, M. ÄŒiÄak, T. Daim, and H. Yalcin, “Technology mining: Artificial intelligence in manufacturing,†Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 171, p. 120971, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120971.

M. Adam, M. Wessel, and A. Benlian, “AI-based chatbots in customer service and their effects on user compliance,†Electron. Mark., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 427–445, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12525-020-00414-7.

M. Szczepanski, “Economic impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI).†EPRS: European Parliamentary Research Service. Belgium, 2019. Accessed: Apr. 18, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1334867/economic-impacts-of-artificial-intelligence-ai/1940719/

R. Rodrigues, “Legal and human rights issues of AI: Gaps, challenges and vulnerabilities,†J. Responsible Technol., vol. 4, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jrt.2020.100005.

B. C. Stahl, “Ethical issues of AI,†in Art. Intell. Better Future, in SpringerBriefs in Research and Innovation Governance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021, pp. 35–53. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-69978-9_4.

E. Madhok, A. Gupta, and N. Grover, “Artificial Intelligence impact on cyber security,†IITM J. Manag. IT, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 100–107, 2016.

M. Laukyte, “AI as a legal person,†in Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Artificial Intell. Law, Montreal QC Canada: ACM, Jun. 2019, pp. 209–213, doi: 10.1145/3322640.3326701.

P. Nowik, “Electronic personhood for artificial intelligence in the workplace,†Comput. Law Secur. Rev., vol. 42, p. 105584, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105584.

A. Lior, “AI entities as AI agents: Artificial intelligence liability and the AI respondeat superior analogy,†Mitchell Hamline Law Rev., vol. 46, no. 5, Article 2, pp. 1043–1102, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1223&context=mhlr

N. S. Martsenko, “Determining the place of artificial intelligence in civil law,†Stud. Prawnoustr., vol. 2020, no. 47, pp. 157–174, 2020. [Online]. Available. https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/1234272.pdf

L. B. Solum, “Legal personhood for Artificial Intelligences,†N. C. Law Rev., vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 1231–1287, 1992.

J. J. Bryson, M. E. Diamantis, and T. D. Grant, “Of, for, and by the people: the legal lacuna of synthetic persons,†Artif. Intell. Law, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 273–291, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10506-017-9214-9.

S. M. Solaiman, “Legal personality of robots, corporations, idols and chimpanzees: A quest for legitimacy,†Artif. Intell. Law, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 155–179, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10506-016-9192-3.