A Critical Evaluation of the SKS Microfinance Fiasco
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2014/v8i6/71907Keywords:
Andhra Pradesh Microfinance Crisis
, Commercialization of Microfinance, Microfinance Crisis, SKS Microfinance, Over-IndebtednessG21
, O10, O16Paper Submission Date
, December 17, 2013, Paper sent back for Revision, January 12, 2014, Paper Acceptance Date, April 17, 2014.Abstract
Crises have hit various players from different parts of the world in the global microfinance industry in the past. In the present study, we critically evaluate the SKS and Andhra Pradesh microfinance crisis in India. SKS established itself as a leader in the microfinance industry in India, and became the first listed microfinance company in the country. The dream run did not continue for long, as the Andhra Pradesh government started putting some regulatory conditions in place. We critically evaluate the SKS crisis to ascertain whether the cause was purely the government's action or the over-indebtedness amongst the borrowers of the microfinance industry. Further questions on commercialization of the microfinance industry are also discussed.Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Airtel, SKS Microfinance tie up to offer package. (2008, July 18). The Hindu. Retrieved from http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/18/stories/2008071853700500.htm
Akula, V. (2008). Business basics at the base of the pyramid. Harvard Business Review, 86 (3), 53-57.
Akula, V. (2010) A fistful of rice: My unexpected quest to end poverty through profitability. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.
Allianz takes Indian made micro-cover to the world. (2010, August, 10). The Economics Times. Retrieved from http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-08-10/news/27615554_1_bajaj-allianz-insurance-product-premium-income
Ashta, A., Khan, S., & Otto, P. E. (2011). Does microfinance cause or reduce suicides? Policy recommendations for reducing borrower stress. SSRN. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1715442
Association of Karnataka Microfinance Institutions (AKMI). (2010). Delinquency crisis in microfinance in Southern Karnataka. Retrieved from http://indiamicrofinance.com/karnataka-microfinance-report-akmi.html
Augsburg, B., De Haas, R., Harmgart, H., & Meghir, C. (2012, September 12). Microfinance at the margin: Experimental evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina. SSRN. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2021005
Bastiaensen, J., Marchetti, P., Mendoza, R., & Pérez, F. (2013). After the Nicaraguan non - payment crisis: Alternatives to microfinance narcissism. Development and Change, 44 (4), 861-885. DOI: 10.1111/dech.12046
Bhatnagar, S., Dewan, A., Torres, M. M., & Kanungo, P. (2002). Empowerment case studies: Swayam Krishi Sangam. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEMPOWERMENT/Resources/14661_SKS-web.pdf
Bill to replace MFI ordinance soon. (2010, December 4). Fullhyd.com. Retrieved from http://news.fullhyderabad.com/hyderabad-news/bill-to-replace-mfi-ordinance-in-andhra-pradesh-soon-2752.html
Burki, H. B., & Shah, M. (2007). The dynamics of microfinance expansion in Lahore. Pakistan Microfinance Network, Islamabad and ShoreBank International Ltd. Islamabad, Pakistan. Retrieved from http://www.microfinanceconnect.info/assets/articles/dynamics.pdf
Chakrabarti, R., & Ravi, S. (2011). At the crossroads: Microfinance in India. ICRA Bulletin: Money & Finance, July 2011, 125-148.
Chanchani, M. A. (2010). Narayana Murthy’s Catamaran invests Rs 28Cr in SKS. Retrieved from http://www.vccircle.com/500/news/narayana-murthys-catamaran-invests-rs-28cr-in-sks
Chen, G., Rasmussen, S., Reille, X., & Rozas, D. (2010). Indian microfinance goes public: The SKS initial public offering. Focus Note, 65. Retrieved from http://www.cgap.org/publications/indian-microfinance-goes-public-sks-initial-public-offering
Christensen, C. M., Baumann, H., Ruggles, R., & Sadtler, T. M. (2006). Disruptive innovation for social change. Harvard Business Review, 84 (12), 94-101.
Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP). (2009). The impact of the financial crisis on microfinance institutions and their clients. Results from CGAP’s 2009 opinion survey. Retrieved from http://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/CGAP-Brief-The-Impact-of-the-Financial-Crisis-on-Microfinance-Institutions-and-Their-Clients-May-2009.pdf
De Franco, M. (2010) Determinantes de la cartera mala en el mercado de lasmicrofinanzas en Nicaragua. Borradorpara discussion [Determinants of bad portfolio in the Nicaraguan microfinance market. Draft for discussion]. Managua: ASOMIF.
Google Finance. (2013). SKS (SKSMICRO). Historical prices [daily, Aug 10, 2010-September 10, 2012]. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/finance/historical?cid=12125324&startdate=Aug+20%2C+2010&enddate=sep+19%2C+2012&num=30&hl=en&ei=z6opU7GTHsuRkgWA2gE
Government of Andhra Pradesh. (2010). An ordinance to protect the women self help groups from exploitation by the micro finance institutions in the state of Andhra Pradesh and for the matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Retrieved from http://indiamicrofinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Andhra-MFI-Ordinance.pdf
Huda, K., Lamhauge, N., & de Montesquiou, A. (2009). SKS ultra poor pilot mid-term evaluation: Summary findings. Washington, D.C., CGAP.
Kappel, V. Krauss, A., & Lontzek, L. (2010). Over-indebtedness and microfinance: Constructing an early warning index. In UMM workshop report (p. 6). Retrieved from http://www.accion.org/Document.Doc?id=899
Kumar, V., & Rozas D. (2010). SKS microfinance road to IPO: An inside story. Microfinance Focus. Retrieved from http://www.microfinancefocus.com/news/2010/05/17/exclusive-sks-microfinance-journey-to-ipo-an-inside-story/
La Prensa.com. (2010). 67 mil microcréditosmenos [67 million microloans less]. Retrieved from http://www.laprensa.com.ni/2010/12/20/nacionales/46902
Lewis, J. C. (2008). Microloan sharks. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 6 (3), 54-59.
Maurer, K., & Pytkowska, J. (2010). Indebtedness of microcredit clients in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Results from a comprehensive field study. European Fund for Southeast Europe (EFSE). Retrieved from http://www.efse.lu/media/pdfs/studies/responsible-finance-studies/summary-overindebtedness-bih.pdf
Microfinance Focus. (2010, October 25). Exclusive: 54 microfinance-related suicides in AP, says SERP Report. Retrieved from http://www.microfinancetransparency.com/evidence/PDF/12.25%20MF%20focus%20article%20suicides.pdf
Microfinance Focus. (2011, April 22). 6 microfinance crises that the sector does not want to remember. Retrieved from http://www.microfinancefocus.com/6-microfinance-crises-that-the-sector-does-not-want-to-remember
Microfinance Information Exhange (MiX). (2009). The microbanking bulletin. Spring 2009, Issue 18. Retrieved from http://www.themix.org/sites/default/files/MBB%2018%20Spring%202009.pdf
Mixmarket.org (2013). Profile reports of MFIs [Table]. Retrieved from http://www.mixmarket.org/profile-reports
Mohan, L., & Potnis, D. (2010). Catalytic innovation in microfinance for inclusive growth: Insights from SKS Microfinance. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 11 (3), 218–239. DOI:10.1080/10599231.2010.500574
Puhazhendhi, V. (2012). Microfinance India: State of sector report 2012. New Delhi, Sage Publications. Retrieved from http://www.microfinanceindia.org/uploads/news_attachments/20130724120608_state-of-the-sector-report-2012.pdf
Reille, X. (2009). The rise, fall, and recovery of the microfinance sector in Morocco. CGAP. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/9486/567250BRI0CGAP1nance1Sector1Morocco.pdf?sequence=1
Rhyne, E. (2001). Commercialization and crisis in Bolivian microfinance. Retrieved from http://www.accion.org/file_download.asp?f=2 Rosenberg, R. (1999). Measuring microcredit delinquency: Ratios can be harmful to your health. Occasional Paper. Retrieved from http://www.microfinancegateway.org/gm/document-1.9.28868/1915_072.pdf
Sa-Dhan. (2012). The Bharat microfinance quick report 2012 : Microfinance - growing against all odds. New Delhi.
Schicks, J. (2011). Over-indebtedness of micro borrowers in Ghana: An empirical study from a customer protection perspective. Centre for European Research in Microfinance, Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Working Paper. Retrieved from http://www.cermi.eu/documents/CERMi_WP_-_Schicks_J._-_August_2011.pdf
Shaffer, B., & Stephens (2012). Charging to teach a man how to fish: Why is that a bad idea? A case for the for-profit microfinance institutes. Retrieved from http://library.milligan.edu/wp-content/uploads/undergraduate-research/soph-rc-Z012/shaffer-charging-to-teach.pdf
SKS Microfinance Limited (SKS). (2010). SKS draft red herring prospectus. Retrieved from http://www.sebi.gov.in/dp/sksmicrofin.pdf
Srinivasan, N. (2009). Microfinance India: State of sector report 2009. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Srinivasan, N. (2010). Microfinance India: State of sector report 2010. New Delhi : Sage Publications.
Srinivasan, N. (2011). Microfinance India: State of sector report 2011. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Sriram, M. S. (2010). Commercialization of microfinance in India: A discussion on the emperor's apparel. Working Paper W.P. No 2010-03-04. Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
Swanson, B. (2007). The role of international capital markets in Microfinance. Paper presented at Columbia University Business School’s research symposium, “Credit Markets for the Poor†April 20, 2007, New York, United States.
Thorat, Y.S.P. (2006). Microfinance in India: Sectoral issues and challenges. Report commissioned by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development: Towards a sustainable microfinance outreach in India - Experience and perspectives. Retrieved from http://www.microfinancegateway.org/gm/document-1.9.../39678_file_22.pdf
Vogelgesang, U. (2003). Microfinance in times of crisis: The effects of competition, rising indebtedness, and economic crisis on repayment behaviour. World Development, 31(12), 2085-2114. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.09.004